Whether on a riverboat atop the Mighty Mississippi or in the smoky dimness of a mining camp saloon, a lucky draw could turn a broken man into a winner. In the days of the frontier west, poker was king with the mustachioed likes of Wild Bill Hickok, Doc Holliday, “Canada” Bill Jones, Wyatt Earp, Bat Masterson, and hundreds of others.

The first gambling machine which resembled the slots we know today was one developed by Messrs Sittman and Pitt in New York, which used the 52 cards on drum reels to make a sort of poker game. Around the same time the Liberty Bell machine was invented by a Charles Fey in San Francisco. The first gambling machine which resembled the slots we know today was one developed by Messrs Sittman and Pitt in New York, which used the 52 cards on drum reels to make a sort of poker game. Around the same time the Liberty Bell machine was invented by a Charles Fey in San Francisco. The development of poker is linked to the historical movement that also saw the invention of commercial gambling. English actor Joseph Crowell reported that the game was played in New Orleans in.

In the old west towns of Deadwood, Dodge City, Tombstone, and Virginia City, gamblers played with their back to the wall and their guns at their sides, as dealers dealt games with names such as Chuck-A-Luck, Three Card Monte, High Dice, and Faro, by far the favorite in the wild west saloons.

The exact origin of poker is unknown but many have speculated that it originated from the 16th-century Persian card game called As Nas. Played with a 25 card deck containing five suits, the rules were similar to today’s Five Card Stud. Others are of the opinion that it was invented by the Chinese in 900 A.D. In all likelihood, the game derived from elements of various gambling diversions that have been around from the beginning of time.

Poker in the United States was first widely played in New Orleans by French settlers playing a card game that involved bluffing and betting called Poque in the early 1800s. This old poker game was similar to the “draw poker” game we play today. New Orleans evolved as America’s first gambling city as riverboat men, plantation owners and farmers avidly pursued the betting sport.

The first American gambling casino was opened in New Orleans around 1822 by a man named John Davis. The club, open twenty-four hours a day, provided gourmet food, liquor, roulette wheels, Faro tables, poker, and other games. Davis also made certain that painted ladies were never far away. Dozens of imitators soon followed making the gaming dens the primary attraction of New Orleans. The city’s status as an international port and its thriving gambling industry created a new profession, called the card “sharper.”

Professional gamblers and cheats gathered in a waterfront area known as “the swamp,” an area even the police were afraid to frequent, and any gambler lucky enough to win stood a good chance of losing his earnings to thieves outside of the gambling rooms and saloons.

Gambling was outlawed in the rest of the huge Louisiana territory in 1811, but New Orleans continued to enjoy the prosperity brought by gambling for more than 100 years. Though the law was passed for the entire Louisiana Purchase, it was obviously not enforced and casinos and gambling began to spread.

As commerce developed on the waterways, gambling traveled up the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, then westward via covered wagons, and later on the railroad. The first written reference in the United States came from Jonathan H. Greer in 1834 when he referred to the amusement as the “cheating game.”

Some of the first gambling dens outside of New Orleans were started on river towns that were popular with both travelers and professional gamblers. It was here that many “sharpers” preyed on these transient people, with their pockets filled with their life savings, on the way to the new frontier. The dishonest gamblers also often ran confidence games and other con artist businesses, in order to gaff the unwary pioneers. A host of companies specialized in manufacturing and selling card cheating devices. One riverboat gambler named George Devol was so proud of his ability to slip a stacked deck into a game that he once used four of them in one poker hand, dealing four aces to each of his four opponents.

It was professional gamblers who were largely responsible for the poker boom. Considering themselves as entrepreneurs, they took advantage of America’s growing obsession with gambling. Though having a high opinion of themselves, the public viewed them with disdain, considering them as contributing nothing to society. This viewpoint was often warranted in many cases, as a large number of professional gamblers often cheated in order to win. To be successful, professional gamblers had to have irresistible personalities in order to attract men to play with them. Often dressing in dandy clothes, their success depended partly on chance and partly on skill, sometimes on sleight of hand, and in the Old West, their shooting abilities. By the 1830s, citizens began to blame professional gamblers for any and every crime in the area and gambling itself began to be attacked.

James Bowie

Who Invented Poker Game Multiplayer

It was during these riverboat gambling heydays that an interesting story occurred in 1832. On a Mississippi steamboat, four men were playing poker, three of which were professional gamblers, and the fourth, a hapless traveler from Natchez. Soon, the young naïve man had lost all his money to the rigged game. Devastated, the Natchez man planned to throw himself into the river; however, an observer prevented his suicide attempt, and then joined the card game with the “sharps.” In the middle of a high stakes hand, the stranger caught one of the professionals cheating and pulled a knife on the gambler, yelling, “Show your hand! If it contains more than five cards I shall kill you!” When he twisted the cheater’s wrist, six cards fell to the table. Immediately, the stranger took the $70,000 pot, returning $50,000 to the Natchez man and keeping $20,000 for his trouble. Shocked, the Natchez man stuttered, “Who the devil are you, anyway?” to which the stranger responded, “I am James Bowie.”

Anxious citizens of these river port towns grew more and more wary of the confidence men that were multiplying so quickly. In Vicksburg, Mississippi, the citizens’ rage had become so increased by 1835, five cardsharps were lynched by a vigilante group. It was soon after this that many of the gamblers moved onto the riverboats, benefiting from the transient riverboat lifestyle.

At the conclusion of the Civil War, America pushed her boundaries West, where the frontier was born of speculators, travelers, and miners. These hardy pioneers had high risk-taking characteristics, making any gambling situation a popular pastime for these rough and tumble men of the frontier. In virtually every mining camp and prairie town, a poker table could soon be found in each saloon, surrounded by prospectors, lawmen, cowboys, railroad workers, soldiers, and outlaws for a chance to tempt fortune and fate.

During the California Gold Rush of 1849 gambling houses sprouted up all over northern California, offering a wide array of not only gaming tables but also musicians and pretty women to entertain the gamblers as they played. It was at this time that dance halls began to appear and spread throughout later settlements. While these saloons usually offered games of chance, their chief attraction was dancing. The customer generally paid 75¢ to $1.00 for a ticket to dance, with the proceeds being split between the dance hall girl and the saloon owner. After the dance, the girl would steer the gentleman to the bar, where she would make an additional commission from the sale of a drink.

A popular girl would average 50 dances a night, sometimes making more a night than a working man could make in a month. Dance hall girls made enough money that it was very rare for them to double as a prostitute, in fact, many former “soiled doves” found they could make more money as a dance hall girl.

As the Gold Rush gained momentum, San Francisco replaced New Orleans as the center for gambling in the United States. Over one hundred thriving saloons and brothels met the sailors and fortune-seeking travelers as they disembarked at the San Francisco harbor and stumbled into the infamous Barbary Coast Waterfront District.

Faro was by far the most popular and prolific game played in Old West saloons, followed by Brag, Three-card-monte, and dice games such as High-low, Chuck-a-luck, and Grand hazard. It was also about this time that gambling began to invite more diversity including Hispanics, blacks, Chinese and women in the games. Three of the more famous women gamblers of this time were Calamity Jane, Poker Alice, and Madame Mustache.

Before long, many of the Old West mining camps such as Deadwood, Leadville, and Tombstone became as well known for gunfights over card games than they did for their wealth of gold and silver ore. Professional gamblers such as Doc Holliday and Wild Bill Hickok learned early to hone their six-shooter skills at the same pace as their gambling abilities. Taking swift action upon the green cloth became part of the gamblers’ code – shoot first and ask questions later.

One such occasion that clearly showed the quick and violent code was when Doc Holliday was dealing Faro to a local bully named Ed Bailey in Fort Griffin, Texas. Bailey was unimpressed with Doc’s reputation and in an attempt to irritate him; he kept picking up the discards and looking at them. Peeking at the discards was strictly prohibited by the rules of Western Poker, a violation that could force the player to forfeit the pot.

Though Holliday warned Bailey twice, the bully ignored him and picked up the discards again. This time, Doc raked in the pot without showing his hand, nor saying a word. Bailey immediately brought out his pistol from under the table, but before the man could pull the trigger, Doc’s lethal knife slashed the man across the stomach. With blood spilled everywhere, Bailey lay sprawled out dead across the table.

Inevitably there were liquored up miners and cowboys who would shoot up the saloons and sometimes the poker winner when they were angered by their losses. Even Wild Bill Hickok, who is mostly known for his heroics and prowess with a six-shooter, took advantage of those abilities when faced with a loss in Deadwood, South Dakota. Shortly before midnight after a night of drinking and gambling, Hickok was playing a two-handed game with a man named McDonald when the stakes began to increase with every card dealt.

When the hand was complete and the middle of the table piled high with money, McDonald showed his hand, displaying three jacks. To this, Hickok responded, “I have a full house – aces over sixes,” then threw his hand face down upon the table. However, when McDonald picked up Hickok’s hand, he exclaimed, “I see only two aces and one six.” Wasting no time, Wild Bill drew his six-shooter with his right hand and replied, “Here’s my other six.” Then he flashed a bowie knife with his left hand, stating, “And here’s my one spot.” McDonald immediately backed down saying coolly, “That hand is good. Take the pot.”

By the end of the 19th century, gambling had spread like wildfire through the many mining camps, multiplying as the gold and silver hunters spread across the West, searching for new strikes. It was about this time that both states and cities started to take advantage of these growing ventures by taxing gambling dens and raising money for their communities.

It was also during the late 1800s that many towns and states across the western frontier began to enact new laws against gambling. Attempting to gain new levels of respectability, the laws primarily targeted the “professional gambler” more than gaming in general. Some types of gambling were made illegal, while limits were established on others. Initially, anti-gaming laws were weak and had little real effect on gambling, as they were difficult to enforce, establishments simply introduced new variants, and penalties were light.

Faro gambling card game about 1900.

However, the laws were gradually strengthened and ironically, Nevada was one of the first states in the West to totally make gambling illegal in 1909. Other states soon followed suit and true to the worst fears of the Puritans, gangsters combined liquor and gambling in the cities of New York, Cleveland and Chicago during the 1920s.

By the time construction on the Hoover Dam was underway in 1931, Nevada relaxed its gambling laws and casinos once more began to flourish. By 1939 there were six casinos and sixteen saloons in Las Vegas. As automobile traffic increased and people began to travel more for leisure, Las Vegas began to boom into the gambling Mecca it is today.

Over the years, poker has evolved through legitimate casinos and backroom games to its many present variations. Over the last decade several states have reintroduced gambling in limited formats and the fastest-growing gambling opportunity today doesn’t even require you to leave your home, as you log onto your computer to tempt the fates. Carefully regulated by gaming laws, poker is now the most popular card game in the world.

© Kathy Weiser/Legends of America, updated November 2019.

“If you’re playing a poker game and you look around the table and can’t tell who the sucker is, it’s you.” –– Paul Newman

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Hi all, I hope you have enjoyed the Easter. Today we´re going to talk about history. Have you ever wondered when was poker invented? Where was it invented? I thought it might be interesting for you to know something about the history of poker, so that´s the topic of today´s post.

Poker has a long history, so today I´m going to focus on the dawn of poker in the 19th century and early 20th century. Yes, we are going all the way to the wild, wild west. But before that, we actually need to visit Europe in the 18th century.

Poque In Europe And New Orleans

It is said poker originates from a domino game played in China in the 10th century. Playing cards were not even invented at that time. However, the card game closest to the modern poker comes from Europe.

Who Invented Poker Game Play

Modern poker originates from a European card game poque. Poque was played in France already in the 18th century. French colonists took the game to America. New Orleans became part of the United States in 1803. By the 1820´s, poque had become very popular in New Orleans.

Poque was different from the modern poker games. Poque was a very simple game. It was played with a deck of 20 cards instead of 52. Each suit only had an ace, king, queen, jack and ten. Five cards were dealt to four players. Then there was a betting round. Finally, each player still in the hand showed their cards, and the best hand won. The only hands in poque were four of a kind, three of a kind, a pair and a full house.

In the 1820´s, playing poque on riverboats on Mississippi became popular. Gambling was illegal in many states, but not on riverboats. Playing cards on the riverboats was all about cheating. It was even believed to bring bad luck, if there were no con men on board.

The Southern planters used their slaves as gambling stakes. Compared to that, the con men were not so bad.

The Rise Of Modern Poker – 52 Card Deck, Flush And Straight

In the mid 19th century poque got the English name poker, and the game became more like the modern poker. You could say the answer to the question “When was poker invented?” is around here. Texas Hold´Em was not invented yet, but the oldest version of poker was 5 card draw, which is still played today. Read more about 5 card draw and other poker variations on this post.

A 52 card deck replaced the old one which only had 20 cards. Now more than four players could join the game. The flush and straight were included in the hand ranks. The soldiers in the American civil war played poker and brought the game to their homes when the war ended. Poker became popular across the United States.

Strange Rules

The rules of poker were not very stable in the late 19th century. There were some hand ranks which are not recognized in modern poker. A seven high was called a “Tiger” and it beat the straight. You could also have a “Blaze”, which meant having five picture cards. This was better than two pair.

Sometimes there was an “Around-The-Corner-Straight” (for example J-Q-K-A-2) which was ranked higher than 3 of a kind, but lower than a regular straight. There could also be a “One-Gapper-Straight” (for example 5-7-9-J-K), higher in hand rank than 2 pair, but lower than 3 of a kind.

Poker could also be played with “deuces wild”, a rule familiar from video poker. This means all 2s were wild cards, which could be used as any cards. This means you could also have 5 of a kind.

The Wild West And Card-Sharpers

When we think about the wild west in the late 19th century, most of us instantly think about the card players gambling in the saloons. The poker games in the west were far from fair. Like in the Southern riverboats, cheating was an essential part of gambling in the wild west.

In fact, cheating was so common, that there was an industry making equipment for card-sharpers. There were small mirrors hidden in rings and cigarette boxes for peeking at other player´s cards. Different kind of tumblers were used in order to pull cards in to a sleeve.

Many card players did not take being cheated lightly. They attacked the card-sharpers with guns and knives. Poker gained a violent reputation because of this. It actually took a long time for that reputation to fade.

Poker Was Banned – Again.

Maybe it was because of the reputation of the wild west gamblers, that lead to gambling being banned across United States starting from the late 19th century. Poker became a more private game played between friends and families.

Home games resulted in new elements of poker being invented again. Dealer´s choice, lowball and hi-lo variations were introduced.

The Dawn Of Texas Hold´Em

In the 19th century, the poker games played were draw and stud poker games. Texas Hold´Em poker saw the daylight in Robstown, Texas in the early 20th century. There is a story about 12 farmers who wanted to play Stud poker, but they only had one card deck. One of them figured out they could all play, if five community cards were dealt on the table and each player would only get two hole cards.

I do n´t know if this is a true story, but it does make sense to me. Is this not exactly how games are often developed – from practical needs of common people willing to entertain themselves?

Welcome To Fabulous Las Vegas, Nevada.

Who Invented Poker Game Miniclip

So there were anti-gambling laws across United States. Gambling was also banned in Nevada in the 1910´s. However, in court it was legislated, that Texas Hold´Em was a game of skill, while Stud poker was more based on Iuck. Because of that, Stud poker should be banned, but not Texas Hold´Em.

In 1931, Nevada legalized gambling. Las Vegas became the casino capital attracting tourists in the middle of a desert. Poker also became a casino game.

From Riverboats To Casinos – And Where Next?

Poque, a card game played with only 20 cards traveled from France to New Orleans and was played in the Mississippi riverboats in the 19th century. Later, this game got the name poker and the 52 card deck, flush and straight became elements of poker.

Poker was played in the wild west in saloons filled with cards-sharpers. There were many strange rules in poker back then, and poker gained a violent reputation because the card players often carried guns and knives.

Anti-gambling laws were made, and Texas Hold´Em was born in the early 20th century. Nevada made gambling legal in 1931 and poker became a casino game. Las Vegas started attracting gambling tourists.

This is where we finish today. Next time, we will continue with the history of poker in the 20th century. There was the World War II, and the role of Las Vegas was important in making poker as popular game as it is today.

See you in History of Poker Pt. 2!

Who Invented The Game Poker

You may still not know the exact year, but now you should have a better idea when was poker invented. If you have any thoughts on the topic, please share them in the comment section below.